Instrumentalization of Laïcité in France Highlights Targeting of Islam

Recent developments in France reveal a marked instrumentalization of the principle of laïcité (secularism) aimed primarily at Muslim communities. Legislative proposals by the Les Républicains party, introduced in late November, specifically target Muslims, signaling a continuation of a concerning political trend. Expert Nicolas Cadène highlights this as the "banalization of the instrumentalization of secularism," a shift initiated by the far right and now echoed by mainstream right and center parties.

This political climate aligns with the 2021 law strengthening respect for republican principles, known as the "separatism law," which marks a significant shift in French secularism. Historian Jean Baubérot emphasizes that while the 1905 secularism law focused largely on the Catholic Church, contemporary efforts obsess over Islam. President Emmanuel Macron defined this new focus as confronting "Islamist separatism," describing it as a politico-religious project threatening republican values. The 2021 law introduces a surveillance-based secularism approach, evidencing heightened state scrutiny.

In schools, this heightened focus manifests through students’ growing awareness and critical stance on secularism. Many students perceive bans on religious symbols as punitive rather than protective of neutrality. Educators stress the necessity of dialogue to convey secular values effectively and navigate these sensitive issues.

Overall, France’s politicization of laïcité, particularly targeting Islam, represents a pivotal transformation, blending legislative action with societal debates and educational challenges, reflecting broader tensions in French society.