Severe Drought in France Leaves Nearly 70% of Country Under Water Restrictions

France is grappling with a worsening drought situation as nearly 70% of its territory faces water usage restrictions amid critically low groundwater reserves. As of August 1, 94% of the country's underground water reserves have decreased, and 63% of aquifers are below normal levels, marking an escalation from 54% the previous month, according to the Bureau de recherches géologiques et minières (BRGM).

Key aquifers, especially in the Limousin region and the calcareous formations of the Côte des Bar, are extremely depleted. Other areas such as Lorraine, Charente, and the eastern Massif Central also experience significant water deficits. Although the drought currently is less severe than the historic levels reached in 2022, some areas like Dordogne have already surpassed those low levels earlier than expected. The Mediterranean aquifers, however, remain relatively stable.

The ongoing drought is exacerbated by a three-month series of heatwaves, severely affecting surface soil moisture and small river levels across the country and much of Western Europe. This prolonged dry spell has increased demand for water, particularly for agriculture and tourism, compounding the strain on reserves.

In response, the French government has imposed strict water restrictions, with 99 departments at least on alert and 67 departments under crisis-level restrictions. Water use has been limited to essential needs such as health services, civil security, drinking water, and sanitation. Additionally, over 30,000 people in 80 municipalities currently rely on water supplied by truck due to shortages.

Recognizing the gravity of the situation, the government plans to hold a crisis meeting with water management stakeholders to evaluate the evolving scenario and consider further measures. Meanwhile, BRGM officials warn of continued aquifer depletion throughout August, citing the impact of heat and dry soils that absorb early rainfall, limiting groundwater replenishment.

Urgent rainfall and cooler temperatures are needed to alter the drought's trajectory. However, forecasts remain uncertain, with some pessimism for regions like Limousin and Grand Est. The government’s proactive water-saving measures and planned coordination with experts underline the critical nature of the drought crisis facing France this summer.