France's Anti-Corruption Policy Shows Progress but Faces Implementation Challenges

Over the past decade, France has made significant strides in reforming its anti-corruption framework, primarily through the enactment of the Sapin 2 law. This legislation has strengthened public integrity and allowed for domestic investigation of corruption involving French companies, marking a notable advancement. However, despite these reforms, France’s anti-corruption efforts remain hampered by complex institutional fragmentation and inadequate measurement tools.

Reliable indicators to gauge corruption are lacking, with surveys reporting only 0.5% to 1% of adults experiencing corruption attempts, a figure that likely underrepresents the problem. Public perception remains negative due to distrust in both public and private sector leaders. The French Anti-Corruption Agency (Afa) is encouraged to improve its data consolidation and collaborate with research bodies to better understand corruption risks.

Prevention efforts in the private sector have seen some adoption under Sapin 2, but implementation is inconsistent. In contrast, the public sector struggles with poor execution and lack of clear guidance, especially at local levels. Judicial responses to corruption cases are slow and inefficient, with trials lasting over six years on average and high acquittal rates. Disciplinary actions within the public sector are rare and poorly documented.

The report highlights the need for harmonizing prosecutorial practices and enhancing training for judges and investigators. It calls for a comprehensive national anti-corruption strategy with clear objectives, indicators, and structured inter-ministerial governance to mobilize resources effectively and address the democratic and economic risks posed by corruption.