France Unveils Ambitious 2026-2035 Energy Strategy Focused on Nuclear Revival

The French government has revealed a decisive new energy strategy for the period 2026 to 2035, known as the third multiannual energy programming plan (PPE3), which prioritizes the revitalization of nuclear power as the cornerstone of the nation’s future energy landscape and decarbonization efforts.

Announced by Minister Sébastien Lecornu, PPE3 marks a shift from previous plans that envisaged shutting down 14 nuclear reactors. Instead, it calls for constructing six new EPR2 nuclear reactors immediately, with potential plans to approve eight additional reactors by 2026. The strategy aims to increase nuclear electricity production from 320 TWh in 2023 to between 380 and 420 TWh by 2030, reinforcing nuclear energy as the backbone of France’s electricity supply.

Alongside the nuclear focus, the government intends to reduce fossil fuel consumption from nearly 60% in 2023 to 40% by 2030, ultimately achieving 60% decarbonized energy by 2030 and 70% by 2035. However, targets for onshore wind and solar energy have been scaled back due to stagnant electricity demand. While offshore wind energy projects will accelerate, the reduced goals for solar and onshore wind reflect pragmatic adjustments.

This strategy has provoked considerable debate and controversy. Greenpeace criticized the plan for promoting nuclear energy "at all costs" and deeming it insufficient to adequately address climate challenges. Politicians such as Marine Le Pen have opposed the approach, threatening censure and legal challenges, while renewable energy advocates like Jules Nyssen express hope for reconciliation between nuclear and renewables interests.

Lecornu emphasized the urgency and clarity required in energy policy, stating: "Three years of debates, three years of expertise, three years of consultations. At some point, we must decide." He underscored the risks of dependency on any single energy source for national sovereignty and production capacity, framing nuclear energy as essential to France’s long-term strategic independence.

The PPE3, now set to be officially published, represents a pivotal course correction that underscores France’s commitment to nuclear power to meet its decarbonization goals, while recalibrating renewable energy plans to align with evolving demand and realities.