Global Economic Outlook for 2025-2026 Highlights Growth Challenges and Africa's Resilience
The IMF and World Bank highlight a slowing global economy with Africa showing resilience amid debt and reform challenges at their 2025 annual meetings.
- • Global growth projected to slow to 3.1% by 2026 with advanced economies growing modestly.
- • Africa's growth forecast stands at 4.1% in 2025 despite debt and conflict issues.
- • Inflation is expected to decline globally but varies by country, with the US facing upward risks.
- • Calls for improved transparency and equitable financing for Africa amid slow governance reforms at IMF and World Bank.
Key details
The International Monetary Fund's latest World Economic Outlook report projects global economic growth to slow from 3.3% in 2024 to 3.2% in 2025 and further to 3.1% in 2026, with advanced economies growing around 1.5% and emerging markets just above 4%. Inflation is expected to decline globally, though it remains above target in the United States with risks of rise. Key risks include continued geopolitical tensions, elevated protectionism, labor supply shocks, fiscal vulnerabilities, and possible financial market corrections. Policymakers are urged to strengthen confidence through sustainable policies and structural reforms.
At the recent IMF and World Bank annual meetings held in Washington in October 2025, these economic prospects were discussed amid a backdrop of global challenges including the war in Ukraine, the Gaza conflict, climate change, and slowing post-pandemic recovery. Africa emerged as a focal point, with a projected growth rate of 4.1% in 2025 demonstrating notable resilience despite ongoing debt challenges and conflicts affecting some nations.
Given Africa's demographic shift, which could see one in four people worldwide living on the continent by 2050, the World Bank president Ajay Banga emphasized its potential as a significant engine for global growth. However, there remain calls for greater transparency in risk assessments for African countries and equitable financing mechanisms to support sustainable development. South Africa's central bank governor, Lesetja Kganyago, stressed the need for African nations to contest rating agencies' evaluations, and the G24 voiced disappointment at the slow pace of reform in IMF and World Bank governance, highlighting the urgency of translating commitments into tangible outcomes.
Overall, the global economic environment in 2025 remains uncertain with a pressing need for international financial institutions to adapt to a multipolar world, modernize financing frameworks, and focus on green investments and debt reforms to support growth and stability.